Association of Extension of Cervical Cord Lesion
and Area Postrema Syndrome With Neuromyelitis
Optica Spectrum Disorder
In this
article, the authors review spinal cervical lesions from the extensive myelopathies
database, Mayo Clinic (1996-2014), evaluating whether spinal cervical lesions
extending to or accompanying lesions in the postrema / dorsal medulla area at
resonance Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) were specific to the Spectrum of
Optic Neuromyelitis Disorders (NMOSDs).
The area
postrema(AP), located in the dorsal medulla, in the inferoposterior border of
the IV ventricle, occupying the ventral part of the obex, connected to the
nucleus of the solitary tract, forms part of the dorsal vagal complex and
autonomic control centers, with important Amount of chemoreceptors, having an
important role in the production and control of vomiting. The postrema area is
considered a circumventricular organ, because its endothelial cells do not
contain tight junctions (blood-brain barrier), which allows the
exchange of molecules between blood and brain tissue (neuroendocrine function)
There is a
high presence of Acuaporin-4 in the circumventricular organs and spinal cord,
where the postrema area is located.
The presence
of vomiting, nausea, hiccups, intractable and unexplained , is one of the main clinical features in the
NMOSD 2015 diagnostic criteria.
Taking the
previous descriptions where the spinal cord lesion extending to AP is specific
for NMOSDs, this group reviews this concept in its database, with 236 cases of
extensive cervical myelopathy. 180 patients with NMOSDs and 56 with other
etiologies. (Described in table *)
*Table. Distribution of Demographic and Clinical Variables in the 2 Groups With Longitudinally Extensive Spinal Cord Lesions Extending to the Dorsal Medulla
Abbreviations: AQP-4, aquaporin-4; CBA, cell-based assay; NMOSD, neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder.
In the review, they did not document differences in the proportion with dorsal medulla extension between NMOSDs and other etiologies (19% vs 21% p = 0.44). Patients with NMOSDs have a greater proportion of untreatable nausea and vomiting, compared to other etiologies (51% vs 0%, p <0.05, odds ratio 23.6, 95% CI, 1.3-430.4). A higher proportion of NMOSDs presented hiccups (26% vs 0%, p = 0.05).
|
ventriculo ,ocupando la parte ventral del óbex, conectada con el núcleo del tracto solitario, hace parte del complejo vagal dorsal y centros de control autonómico , con importante cantidad de quimioreceptores , teniendo un papel importante en la producción y control de vomito . El área postrema es considerada un órgano circumventricular , debido a que sus células endoteliales no contienen uniones estrechas ( barrera hematoencefalica ) , lo que permite con mayor facilidad el intercambio de moléculas entre la sangre y el tejido cerebral ( función neuroendocrina )
Existe ,alta presencia de Acuaporina-4 en los órganos circumventriculares y medula espinal , donde se encuentra localizada el área postrema.
El sindrome de area postrema siendo la presencia de vomito , nauseas , hipo , intratables y no explicados, es una de las características clínicas principales en los criterios diagnósticos 2015 de NMOSDs.
Teniendo la descripciones previas donde la lesión medular extendiéndose a AP , es especifica de NMOSDs, este grupo revisa este concepto en su base de datos , con 236 casos de mielopatia cervical extensa . 180 pacientes con NMOSDs y 56 con otras etiologias . ( descrito en la tabla* )
En la revision , no documentan diferencias en la proporción con extension a medula dorsal entre NMOSDs y otras etimológicas (19% vs 21% p=0.44) . Si aprecian que los pacientes con NMOSDs tienen mayor proporción de presentar nausea y vomito intratable , comparado con otras etiología ( 51% vs 0%;p<0.05; odds ratio, 23.6; 95% CI,1.3-430.4) . Una mayor proporción de NMOSDs presentaron hipo ( 26% vs 0%;p=0.05).
Este estudio , con un numero importante de pacientes , nos indica que existen otras etiologias , presentes en las lesiones medulares cervicales con extension a AP , donde pueden estar implicadas *, pero la presencia de clínica (nauseas , vomito intratable , inclusive el hipo) es altamente especifica de NMOSDs AQP-4 Ig G seropositiva .
No hay comentarios:
Publicar un comentario